Table 1. 1996 yield and tree growth measurements from the NC-140 'Royal Gala' dwarfing rootstock trial planted in 1990 at the Horticultural Experiment Station, Simcoe, Ontario. Trees trained to the vertical axis orchard system. Rootstocks ranked in order of increasing vigour (tcsa). z

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	Yield (kg/tree) _____________________________				TCSA (cm2) ______________		Yield effic. (kg/cm2 ) ___________		Cum. yield effic. (kg/cm2 ) Yield '92-96/'95 TCSA	No. frt per tree 1996	Avg. frt. size (g)	Yield (MT/ha) ________________		1996 canopy volume (m3)
Rootstock	1993 Yr 4	1994 Yr 5	1995 Yr 6	1995 Yr 7	1995 Yr 6	1996 Yr 7	1995 Yr 6	1996 Yr 7				1996 Yr 7	Cum. yield
M.27 EMLA	9.4	9.3	9.7	5.1	12.6	16.7-	0.78	0.32	2.25	24	200	7.9	58.0	2.3
M.9 EMLA	14.4	12.7	14.9	7.0	18.8	26.1	0.82	0.28	2.02	46	153	10.8	79.6	5.4
Mac.39	14.2	17.9	15.0	8.9	20.7	28.8	0.71	0.33	1.98	59	153	13.9	89.1	7.6
O.3	16.8	16.3	17.7+	11.3	21.6	30.5	0.82	0.38	2.17	82	138	17.6	103.5	7.7
B.9	17.1	19.1	18.4+	10.7	23.8	32.1	0.79	0.35	2.18	70	153	16.7	108.4+	7.1
Mark	18.7+	19.7	13.8	12.0	25.5	33.1+	0.54-	0.36	2.06	78	153	18.7	106.2+	6.4
M.26 EMLA	17.2	12.1	18.0+	8.7	29.3+	40.3+	0.61-	0.23	1.45-	63	134	13.5	92.0	10.1+
P.1	18.5+	16.1	23.3+	10.0	42.2+	57.5+	0.55-	0.18	1.22-	76	138	15.7	108.8+	14.9+
Significancey	***	ns	**	ns	***	***	*	ns	***	*	ns	ns	**	***
LSD(P=5%)	na	7	5.9	4.8	5.7	7.8	0.21	0.21	0.44	31	49	7.4	24.6	3.6

Z Parameters significantly greater (+) or significantly less (-) than M.9 EMLA using LSD (P=0.05)
Y ns, *, **, ***, indicates not significant and significant difference at P=0.05, P=0.10, and P=0.01, respectively